《Instrumentation technology 》

First, Sensing Technology

Sensing technology is not only the basis for instrumentation and instrumentation, but also the basis for instrumentation control. This is not only because the control must be based on detecting the input information, but also because of the accuracy and state of the control, it is necessary to perceive, otherwise the control of the unclear control effect is still blind control.

In a broad sense, sensing technology must perceive three aspects of information: they are the state and information of the objective world, the state and information of the system under test, and the state information and manipulation instructions that the operator needs to know. It should be noted here that the objective world is endless. The perception of the objective world by the measurement and control system is mainly concentrated on the objective environment related to the target (referred to as the established target environment). The environmental information outside the established target environment can be collected by other methods. The system to be controlled can be a simple object or a single sample. It can be a complex automatic system that is not directly manipulated. It can be a large automation system or a social activity system operated by people (groups) or a human body. Sensing technology aiming at human health, physiology and mental state is the foundation and core of medical diagnosis and treatment instruments. The operator can be a single person, but in the case of systematization and networking, it is often a group of operators under different positions.

In the narrow sense, the sensing technology is mainly the detection of useful information in the objective world. It includes useful sensitive technologies, related to the working principle of various disciplines, remote sensing telemetry, new materials and other technologies; information fusion technology, involving sensor distribution, weak signal extraction (Enhanced), sensor information fusion, imaging and other technologies, sensor manufacturing technology, involving micro-machining, biochips, new processes and other technologies.

Second, system integration
System integration technology directly affects the breadth and level of instrumentation and measurement control science and technology, especially the degree of automation and efficiency of large projects, large systems, large devices, it is the information fusion control technology at the system level. Including system requirements analysis and modeling technology, physical layer configuration technology, system information communication technology, application layer control strategy implementation technology. In the case of operators operating groups for a variety of different positions, it also includes operator demand analysis techniques at all levels.

Third, intelligent control
Intelligent control technology is a technology that humans use in close proximity to the best way to monitor intelligent tools, equipment and systems to achieve the set goals through the measurement and control system. It is a technology directly related to the effectiveness of the measurement and control system, from information technology to knowledge. The key to economic and technological development. Intelligent control technology can be said to be the most important and critical software resource in the measurement and control system. From the development trend, in the computerized measurement and control system of enterprise information ERP/MES/PCS three-level structure, the price of software has exceeded three times that of hardware. The price of advanced control software for automated measurement and control systems in the petrochemical, metallurgical, electric power, and pharmaceutical industries exceeds the system hardware price. Intelligent control technology includes humanoid feature extraction technology, target automatic identification technology, knowledge self-learning technology, environmental adaptive technology, and optimal decision-making technology.

Fourth, man-machine interface

The man-machine interface technology is mainly for facilitating the instrumentation operator or the main equipment equipped with the instrument and the operator of the main system to operate the instrumentation or the main equipment and the main system service. It makes instrumentation a direct operational tool for human beings to understand the world and transform the world. The operability and maintainability of instrumentation, even the main equipment equipped with instrumentation, and the main system are mainly completed by human-machine interface technology. Instrumentation has a human-machine interface that is beautiful, exquisite, simple to operate, and easy to maintain. It is often an important condition for people to choose instrumentation and main equipment and main system with instrumentation.

Human-machine friendly interface technologies include display technology, hard copy technology, human-machine dialogue technology, and fault manual intervention technology. Considering the development of operators from a single machine to a systemized, networked situation in many different positions, the human-machine friendly interface technology is developing into a man-machine system technology. In addition, with the systematic and networked development of instrumentation, the intervention technology for identifying specific operators and preventing non-operators has received increasing attention.

ifth, reliability

With the increasing application of instrumentation and measurement and control systems, reliability technology plays an important role in improving combat effectiveness and maintaining normal work, especially in military, aerospace, electric power, nuclear industry facilities, large-scale engineering and industrial production. Failure of these departments can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, the reliability, safety, and maintainability of the device, especially the reliability, safety and maintainability of the entire system including the system under test and control are particularly important. The accidents such as the power outages in the United States and Canada on August 15, 2003, should never be caused by the failure of some equipment!

The reliability technology of instrumentation and measurement and control system, in addition to the reliability technology of the measurement and control device and the measurement and control system itself, also includes the fault handling technology when the measurement and control device and the system fail. Measurement and control devices and system reliability include fault self-diagnosis, self-isolation technology, fault self-repair technology, fault tolerance technology, reliability design technology, and reliability manufacturing technology.